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Sexual dimorphism and geographical male polymorphism in the ghost moth Hepialus humuli (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae): Scale ultrastructure and evolutionary aspects

Throughout most of its range the Palaearctic moth Hepialus humuli shows a striking sexual dimorphism correlated with a dimorphism in wing scale ultrastructure.Male uppersides are uniformly silvery white, due to light reflection from unpigmented scales with an elaborate internal cuticular meshwork; the conspicuous wings are visual cues for females w

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